Hypertension

Understanding Hypertension and Its Causes?

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers:

• Systolic pressure – The pressure when the heart pumps blood
• Diastolic pressure – The pressure when the heart rests between beats

A normal blood pressure reading is around 120/80 mmHg, while hypertension is diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 130/80 mmHg.

Common causes of hypertension include:

• Unhealthy diet – High sodium, processed foods, and low potassium intake
• Lack of physical activity – Sedentary lifestyle contributing to weight gain
• Obesity – Excess body weight increasing strain on the heart
• Chronic stress – Persistent stress leading to temporary or long-term blood pressure spikes
• Excessive alcohol or tobacco use – Damaging blood vessels and raising blood pressure
• Genetic factors – Family history increasing susceptibility
• Underlying health conditions – Kidney disease, diabetes, and hormonal disorders affecting blood pressure regulation

Symptoms and Health Risks of Hypertension?

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it may not show symptoms until complications arise. However, in some cases, individuals may experience:

• Headaches or dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain or irregular heartbeat
• Fatigue or confusion

If left unmanaged, hypertension can lead to:

• Heart disease and stroke – Increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure
• Kidney damage – Reduced kidney function leading to kidney failure
• Vision problems – Damage to blood vessels in the eyes (hypertensive retinopathy)
• Cognitive decline – Increased risk of dementia and memory problems

Diagnosis of Hypertension?

Hypertension is diagnosed through regular blood pressure checks. Additional tests may include:

• Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring – 24-hour tracking for more accurate diagnosis
• Blood and urine tests – Checking for kidney function and cholesterol levels
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) – Assessing heart health for complications
• Echocardiogram – Imaging of the heart to detect damage

Treatment and Management of Hypertension?

Hypertension can often be managed through lifestyle changes and medications:

• Dietary modifications – Low-sodium, high-potassium diet (DASH diet)
• Regular exercise – At least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week
• Weight management – Maintaining a healthy BMI to reduce strain on the heart
• Stress reduction – Meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises
• Limiting alcohol and tobacco – Reducing intake to protect blood vessels
• Medications – Doctors may prescribe antihypertensive drugs such as diuretics, beta-blockers, or ACE inhibitors

When to Seek Medical Help?

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe chest pain or difficulty breathing
• Sudden vision changes or severe headache
• Confusion, dizziness, or loss of consciousness

Regular check-ups and early intervention can help control hypertension and prevent serious complications.