Causes of Heartburn?
Heartburn occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Common triggers include:
- Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods – Citrus, tomatoes, chocolate, and fried foods
- Overeating or lying down after meals – Increases pressure on the stomach
- Caffeine and alcohol consumption – Weakens the LES
- Smoking – Reduces esophageal muscle function
- Obesity and pregnancy – Puts pressure on the stomach
Symptoms of Heartburn?
Heartburn symptoms can vary but often include:
- Burning pain in the chest, especially after eating
- Sour or bitter taste in the mouth
- Difficulty swallowing or a lump-like sensation in the throat
- Coughing, hoarseness, or throat irritation
- Worsening discomfort when lying down or bending over
How to Get Relief from Heartburn?
Effective remedies for heartburn include:
- Over-the-counter antacids – Neutralize stomach acid (e.g., calcium carbonate)
- H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – Reduce acid production
- Lifestyle changes – Eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, and maintaining a healthy weight
- Elevating the head while sleeping – Prevents acid reflux during the night
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Frequent heartburn (more than twice a week)
- Difficulty swallowing or persistent nausea
- Chest pain that mimics a heart attack
- Unexplained weight loss or vomiting blood
Chronic heartburn may indicate GERD, which requires medical management to prevent complications like esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus.