Colposcopy - Medical Glossary

Understanding Colposcopy?

During a colposcopy, the patient lies on an exam table while a speculum is used to open the vagina. The colposcope, which remains outside the body, provides a magnified view of the cervix. A mild acetic acid or iodine solution is applied to highlight abnormal cells. The procedure takes about 10–20 minutes and may involve a biopsy if suspicious areas are found.

Symptoms and Signs That May Lead to Colposcopy?

You may need a colposcopy if you have symptoms such as persistent vaginal discharge, post-coital bleeding, or an abnormal Pap test result. The procedure helps identify cervical dysplasia, HPV-related changes, genital warts, or early signs of cervical cancer. It is a valuable follow-up step when regular screening shows irregularities in cervical health.

Causes and Risk Factors for Needing Colposcopy?

Common reasons for undergoing colposcopy include abnormal cervical screening results, high-risk HPV infections, or visible cervical changes during routine exams. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners, early onset of sexual activity, smoking, immunosuppression, and a history of cervical abnormalities. These factors increase the likelihood of cervical cell changes requiring closer evaluation through colposcopy.

Treatment Options Following Colposcopy Findings?

If colposcopy reveals abnormal cells, treatment may involve further testing, monitoring, or procedures like cryotherapy, LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure), or cone biopsy. Mild changes may simply need regular follow-up. Timely treatment based on colposcopy results helps prevent progression to cervical cancer. Your doctor will recommend a plan based on biopsy outcomes and clinical findings.

When to Seek Medical Help After a Colposcopy?

After the procedure, some mild spotting or cramping is normal. However, you should seek medical attention if you experience heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, foul-smelling discharge, or fever. These symptoms may indicate infection or other complications. It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions and attend all follow-up appointments for accurate monitoring and care.