Clitoris - Medical Glossary

Understanding the Clitoris?

The clitoris is more than the small external glans visible above the vaginal opening—it includes internal structures such as the crura and bulbs. It contains about 8,000 nerve endings, making it more sensitive than any other part of the human body. During arousal, it becomes engorged with blood, similar to the penis. Despite its key role in sexual health, the clitoris is often overlooked in both education and healthcare.

Symptoms and Signs of Clitoral Issues?

Clitoral discomfort can manifest as pain, swelling, itching, or sensitivity. Some individuals may experience clitoral phimosis, where the clitoral hood is too tight, causing pain during arousal. Others may have nerve-related issues leading to reduced sensation or hypersensitivity. Infections, trauma, or dermatological conditions may also affect the clitoris. Persistent or painful symptoms warrant medical evaluation to rule out underlying concerns.

Causes and Risk Factors for Clitoral Problems?

Clitoral issues may arise due to poor hygiene, infections (like yeast or bacterial), hormonal imbalances, physical trauma, or nerve damage. Certain medical conditions such as lichen sclerosus or vulvodynia may affect clitoral health. Chronic stress, menopause, and side effects from medications can also influence sensitivity and arousal. Cultural practices like female genital mutilation (FGM) cause significant harm to clitoral anatomy and function.

Treatment Options for Clitoral Discomfort or Disorders?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Infections may require antifungal or antibiotic medications. Hormonal creams can help with menopausal-related changes, and physical therapy may assist with nerve or muscle tension issues. Good hygiene, lubrication, and communication during sexual activity are key. In complex cases, a referral to a gynecologist or sexual health specialist may be needed for further evaluation and management.

When to Seek Medical Help for Clitoral Concerns?

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience unexplained pain, swelling, itching, or changes in clitoral sensitivity. Any trauma or visible changes in color or shape should be examined. Sexual discomfort, reduced arousal, or symptoms affecting quality of life should not be ignored. Open conversations with your doctor can lead to better outcomes and improved sexual and emotional health.