Calcium - Medical Glossary

Understanding Calcium and Its Biological Role?

Calcium plays a central role in maintaining skeletal strength and supporting cellular functions. It enables muscles to contract, helps transmit nerve impulses, and ensures blood vessels function properly. The body maintains calcium levels tightly; when dietary intake is insufficient, it pulls calcium from bones, which can weaken them over time and lead to osteoporosis.

Symptoms and Signs of Calcium Deficiency or Excess?

Low calcium levels, or hypocalcemia, may cause muscle cramps, numbness, brittle nails, and fatigue. In severe cases, it can lead to osteoporosis, poor bone growth, or cardiac issues. Excess calcium (hypercalcemia) may cause nausea, confusion, kidney stones, or abnormal heart rhythms. Regular blood tests help track calcium status if there’s concern.

Causes and Risk Factors for Calcium Imbalance?

Common causes of calcium deficiency include poor dietary intake, vitamin D deficiency, hormonal imbalances, and certain medications. Postmenopausal women, older adults, and those with lactose intolerance are at higher risk. Excess calcium may result from over-supplementation, parathyroid disorders, or chronic health conditions affecting the kidneys or bones.

Dietary Sources and Supplementation of Calcium?

Calcium is abundant in dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt. Other sources include leafy greens, almonds, tofu, and fortified foods. Supplements may be recommended for individuals with increased needs or absorption issues. However, they should be taken under medical guidance, as excess intake can pose health risks.

When to Seek Medical Advice for Calcium Issues?

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience signs of calcium deficiency or are at risk for osteoporosis or kidney stones. Bone density tests and blood work can help assess calcium status. Medical advice is also important before starting supplements, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or take medications affecting calcium balance.