Calcitonin - Medical Glossary

Understanding Calcitonin and Its Function in the Body?

Calcitonin acts primarily to lower blood calcium levels by slowing the activity of osteoclasts, the cells that break down bone tissue. This hormone also encourages the kidneys to excrete more calcium, thereby lowering serum calcium. It works in opposition to parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium levels, creating a balanced system for bone health and metabolic stability.

Symptoms Linked to Abnormal Calcitonin Levels?

Abnormal calcitonin levels rarely cause direct symptoms but may be a sign of underlying conditions. Elevated levels might suggest the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma or other thyroid-related disorders. Low levels typically don't cause noticeable issues but may indicate disrupted calcium regulation. In some cases, imbalance may lead to bone or metabolic symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors for Calcitonin Imbalance?

High calcitonin levels are commonly linked to medullary thyroid cancer, lung or breast cancer, and chronic kidney disease. Certain medications or high calcium intake might also affect levels. Conversely, very low levels may occur in postmenopausal women or individuals with reduced thyroid function. Blood tests help detect and monitor these levels as part of broader diagnostic efforts.

Treatment and Medical Use of Calcitonin?

Synthetic calcitonin is sometimes used to treat conditions like osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, or hypercalcemia. It may be administered as a nasal spray or injection to help manage bone resorption. Regular testing is important for those with thyroid cancer, as elevated calcitonin can serve as a tumor marker and help assess treatment response.

When to Seek Medical Attention Regarding Calcitonin?

You should consult a doctor if you have symptoms of thyroid disease, high blood calcium, or a known risk for thyroid cancer. Blood tests measuring calcitonin levels may be recommended as part of cancer screening or bone health assessment. Persistent elevation or sharp changes in calcitonin levels should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider.